When using temporary structures for your projects, you must be aware of the necessary permits and building codes. Our team at American Pavilion can help.
As frustrating as they may be when starting a new project, building codes are created to make sure that a structure is designed to meet a certain set of standards. These codes ensure that everyone underneath the structure will be safe and protected – especially if there is a threat of inclement weather or natural disaster.
When it comes to temporary structures, building codes in reference to wind loads and wind resistance are of utmost importance. These buildings are manufactured in a way to be a semi-permanent solution to your needs, no matter what industry you are in. While they are designed to handle rough weather, including snow, wind, rain, and more, they do have limits – just like any other building.
Many are quick to assume that temporary tent structures, such as clearspan tents, cannot withstand heavy winds. However, you will be surprised to learn just how strong these structures are. By meeting – or surpassing – the requirements set forth by the International Building Code (IBC), clearspan structures have proven themselves to be a sound investment and a reliable source of protection.
What is the International Building Code?
The International Building Code, often referred to as the IBC, was created by the International Code Council (ICC) as a model for building codes. They developed these building codes to address safety concerns of buildings – and to protect public health and safety. The main areas of concern are wind and fire concerns, as well as earthquakes. The code sets the standard for building and design.
Though, while the IBC sets forth the standards, it is important to note that each state, city, and municipality can make changes as they see fit based on their particular weather conditions. Before moving forward with any project, be sure to contact your local building code offices to gain an understanding of what is required locally.
The Importance of Wind Load Building Codes
When structures are designed and constructed, they must meet a certain requirement for wind loads. To clarify, wind load can be defined as the force being placed against a structure due to the strength of the wind. There are, generally speaking, three main types of wind loads:
- Uplift wind load
- Shear wind load
- Lateral wind load
Like its name suggests, uplift wind load is the upward force of the wind that would impact the roof structures such as canopies, awnings, or tents. The wind that flows underneath the roof can push it upward.
Shear wind load refers to a horizontal pressure that can place force against walls, causing them to tilt.
While lateral wind load also refers to horizontal pressure, but one strong enough to move a structure off its foundation or overturn it entirely.
Structural Design for Wind Loads
Clearspan structures are designed to withstand heavy, sustained winds. It is all about creating a structure that will adhere to the code in the area it will be erected. For instance, areas that are more prone to heavy winds will require additional steps to secure the tent from an impact. Leg height of the structure as well as the width of the structure are both taking into consideration – and are both the most important variables when it comes to determining the total wind speed rating.
The IBC sets forth specifications to meet the demands of the wind in all areas. For instance, hurricane-prone regions, such as the U.S. Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico coast recommends that the wind load for these buildings to be greater than 115mph. Though you will also need to account for wind-born debris in the areas within 1-mile of a coast where the design should withstand winds of 130-140mph.
IBC Wind Loads
There are four wind zones set forth by the IBC to help you determine where you fall. The following is a breakdown of these zones as stated in IBC’s Section 6.2.2:
- Wind Zone 1—130 mph ≤ ultimate design wind speed, Vult < 140 mph.
- Wind Zone 2—140 mph ≤ ultimate design wind speed, Vult < 150 mph at greater than one mile (1.6 km) from the coastline. The coastline shall be measured from the mean high water mark.
- Wind Zone 3—150 mph (58 m/s) ≤ ultimate design wind speed, Vult ≤ 160 mph (63 m/s), or 140 mph (54 m/s) ≤ ultimate design wind speed, Vult ≤160 mph (63 m/s) and within one mile (1.6 km) of the coastline. The coastline shall be measured from the mean high water mark.
- Wind Zone 4— ultimate design wind speed, Vult >160 mph (63 m/s).
It is important to note that the wind load building codes cannot be decreased due to the clearspan structure being shielded by another large building or structure. This is not part of the equation.
Temporary Structure Building Codes For Emergency Shelters
FEMA, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, has provided wind-resistant provisions as part of the IBC building codes. During certain inclement weather, buildings and structures need to be designed in a way that they can withstand the winds and the weather – and offer a place of respite.
These sites include protection during a storm and emergency assistance afterward. In fact, they can be used as medical facilities, temporary housing, dining areas, storage facilities, and more. When you are dealing with a community that has suffered a traumatic weather event, you need to do what it takes to get relief to them as soon as possible.
Clearspan tent structures have been used in many of these situations for their great customizability and variance – and ease of use. In emergency shelters and situations, clearspan tents have always been a go-to for communities. They are a durable option that can be utilized during and after an emergency.
Conclusion
There is a great amount of physics at work behind the design and construction of clearspan tent structures. With guidelines from the International Building Code, all variables are taken into consideration leaving you with a solidly engineered, structurally sound building.
Plus, regardless of where the tent is erected, the local building codes (most often under the direction of the IBC) must be followed – allowing you to feel confident in the durability and strength of your temporary tent structure. Wind loads and emergencies can all be handled with satisfaction.
